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Mathematics & computational learning

The mathematics behind models, algorithms, and intelligent systems

Lessons that explain the mathematics used in real projects, from concept and equations to worked examples and implementation.

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12 lessons

  • Optimization & MetaheuristicsAdvanced

    Convexity, Hessian, and quadratic programming

    Convexity, positive semidefiniteness, and the role of the Hessian in convex QP.

    A mathematics lesson connecting convex structure to the Convex QP Solver.

    Modeling, Algorithms & Optimization
  • Mathematics for AIIntermediate

    Dot products and cosine similarity

    Vector geometry, similarity, and its role in search and AI.

    A mathematics lesson connecting linear algebra to representation and relevance.

    Software Development & EngineeringAI & Machine Learning
  • Optimization & MetaheuristicsBeginner

    From a real problem to an optimization model

    How a decision problem becomes variables, an objective, and constraints.

    A fixture for teaching the mathematical language of decision and optimization problems.

    Modeling, Algorithms & Optimization
  • Programming & Scientific ComputingIntermediate

    KKT and interior-point methods: when constraints enter the picture

    From Lagrangians and KKT conditions to barrier methods and Convex QP.

    A fixture for numerical error, step size, solution procedure, and interpretation.

    Modeling, Algorithms & OptimizationSoftware Development & Engineering
  • Mathematics for AIBeginner

    Vectors and matrices: the basic language of many AI models

    From data representation and linear transforms to matrices inside model layers.

    A fixture for a mathematical lesson with equations, examples, and AI context.

    AI & Machine Learning
  • Mathematics for AIIntermediate

    Gradients, loss functions, and the path of learning

    From one-variable derivatives to multivariable gradients and gradient descent.

    A fixture for explaining derivatives, loss functions, and one gradient-descent step.

    AI & Machine LearningModeling, Algorithms & Optimization
  • Optimization & MetaheuristicsIntermediate

    Metaheuristics: searching between exploration and exploitation

    The core ideas and mathematics behind approximate search with GA and DE.

    A fixture for introducing evolutionary and population-based optimization ideas.

    Modeling, Algorithms & Optimization
  • Programming & Scientific ComputingBeginner

    What is a residual, and why should a numerical answer be checked?

    From equation residuals to independent checks of numerical solutions.

    A fixture for combining Python programming with numerical computation and analysis.

    Software Development & EngineeringModeling, Algorithms & Optimization
  • Mathematics for AIIntermediate

    Attention mathematically: why Q, K, and V?

    From matrix products and scores to softmax and weighted Value aggregation.

    A mathematical explanation of attention using Q, K, V, and the core equations.

    AI & Machine Learning
  • Systems & Algorithm MathematicsAdvanced

    Rate-limiting mathematics: rates, windows, and GCRA

    How limits and time windows become rates, intervals, and burst tolerance.

    The mathematical ideas behind Token Bucket and GCRA, connected directly to RateLimitEngine.

    Software Development & EngineeringModeling, Algorithms & Optimization
  • Programming & Scientific ComputingIntermediate

    Norms, conditioning, and numerical stability

    From residuals and norms to condition numbers and numerical sensitivity.

    A scientific-computing lesson about error, sensitivity, and validation.

    Modeling, Algorithms & OptimizationSoftware Development & Engineering
  • Mathematics for AIIntermediate

    Probability, likelihood, and Bayes

    Probability and inference foundations for statistical and machine-learning models.

    A mathematics lesson about uncertainty, likelihood, and Bayes in AI.

    AI & Machine LearningModeling, Algorithms & Optimization

Learning stays connected to real problems

This area is for conceptual, mathematical, and technical lessons, with real connections to projects, research, and solutions.